SCIENCE · LAB MODE

THE RED
PLANET LAB

Interactive breakdown of Mars — atmosphere, crust, interior, orbit and 4.5 billion years of geologic history. Hover, click, explore.

CO₂ · 95.97%g · 3.711 m/s²T · −63°C

// MODULE 01

ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION

ATM
610 Pa
surface pressure
  • CO₂Carbon Dioxide
    95.97%
  • N₂Nitrogen
    1.93%
  • ArArgon
    1.93%
  • O₂Oxygen
    0.146%
  • COCarbon Monoxide
    0.0557%
  • H₂OWater Vapor
    0.021%

// MODULE 02

ORBITAL SIM

SCALE: ILLUSTRATIVE · PERIODS: ACCURATE RATIO

// MODULE 03

PLANETARY VITALS

MEAN RADIUS
3,389.5
KM
53% of Earth
MASS
6.4171×10²³
KG
10.7% of Earth
SURFACE GRAVITY
3.711
M/S²
0.379 g
DAY LENGTH (SOL)
24h 39m
35s
+39m vs Earth
YEAR LENGTH
686.97
EARTH DAYS
1.88 Earth years
MEAN TEMPERATURE
−63
°C
range −143 to +35
ATM. PRESSURE
610
Pa
0.6% of Earth
MOONS
2
—
Phobos · Deimos

// MODULE 04

CRUSTAL CHEMISTRY

SiO₂ · Silicon Dioxide45.4%
Fe₂O₃ · Iron(III) Oxide16.7%
Al₂O₃ · Aluminum Oxide9.4%
MgO · Magnesium Oxide8.4%
CaO · Calcium Oxide6.4%
Na₂O · Sodium Oxide2.7%
SO₃ · Sulfur Trioxide6%
— · Other5%

Average crustal abundance · iron oxide is what makes the surface rust-red.

// MODULE 05

INTERIOR STRUCTURE

Selected · Crust — 10–50 km

// MODULE 06

GEOLOGIC TIMELINE

  • Pre-Noachian4.5 – 4.1 Ga

    Accretion · core differentiation · magnetic dynamo active

  • Noachian4.1 – 3.7 Ga

    Heavy bombardment · liquid water · valley networks carved

  • Hesperian3.7 – 3.0 Ga

    Volcanism peaks · catastrophic floods · global cooling

  • Amazonian3.0 Ga – today

    Cold, dry, dusty · polar ice cycles · subsurface H₂O ice